Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an antioxidant with established roles in collagen biology and pigmentation pathways. In skincare, the best-studied form is L-ascorbic acid, while Korean formulas also use derivatives such as ascorbyl glucoside, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid for improved stability or different formulation needs.

Vitamin C derivatives are not automatically equivalent to pure ascorbic acid in penetration, conversion or clinical evidence. A useful vitamin C product depends on the specific form, concentration, pH, packaging and stability, so the ingredient family name is only the beginning of the evaluation.